Cannabidiol, or CBD, is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant. Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD does not produce a euphoric sensation and is often used for its promising therapeutic properties. How does CBD act on the body and what disorders might CBD offer relief for?
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What is CBD and how does it work?
Cannabidiol, better known as CBD, is a natural compound extracted from hemp.
CBD interacts with the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a network of receptors found throughout the body that plays a crucial role in regulating essential functions such as sleep, pain, mood and appetite.
CBD does not act directly on ECS receptors, but influences their function by modulating various neurotransmitters, thereby reducing inflammation and anxiety and promoting relaxation without impairing cognitive function. CBD is used for its possible effects on various disorders, offering soothing effects and a feeling of well-being without altering mood, perception or behaviour in consumers.
CBD is increasingly recognised for its potential to help relieve both physical and psychological symptoms. For which diseases and disorders could CBD offer relief?
Anxiety
Anxiety is a common mental disorder that can have a significant impact on quality of life.
Several studies have examined the potential of CBD to relieve anxiety symptoms. A review published in 2015 concluded that CBD appeared to reduce anxiety in specific conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder and panic disorder.
In fact, CBD's anxiolytic properties are thought to relieve anxiety and stress by acting directly on the endocannabinoid system (the system responsible for regulating many essential physiological processes such as mood, pain and appetite management).
Read our article on ‘Which CBD for anxiety and what dosage for an effective effect?’
Chronic pain
CBD has also been studied for its potential in the management of chronic pain.
Chronic pain is a complex and often debilitating condition that affects patients' quality of life. Research into CBD shows that it could offer a promising alternative to traditional methods of pain relief, particularly opioids.
CBD is valued for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. It is therefore a promising ally against certain types of pain.
Health professionals see CBD as a possible complementary relief option, especially for patients who have not responded to traditional treatments or who are looking for alternatives to opioids. Patients interested in CBD should consult a healthcare professional to assess the potential benefits and possible side effects or drug interactions.
Epilepsy
CBD has become a recognised treatment for certain forms of epilepsy, in particular Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes, which are rare and severe forms of epilepsy.
In 2018, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Epidiolex, a marijuana derivative-based drug, to treat these syndromes. CBD is therefore increasingly being studied and considered as an valuable tool in the creation of new treatments.
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. Some studies suggest that CBD may help relieve MS symptoms such as spasticity (involuntary muscle stiffness) and pain.
Some medicines, such as Sativex, are composed of cannabis extracts. They are used as analgesics to relieve symptoms such as spasticity (present in 60% of patients and leading to muscle stiffness or spasms). A 2010 study showed that medicines containing CBD can help relieve these symptoms.
Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes tremors, rigidity and motor disorders.
CBD may have an impact on the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. CBD is known for its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may play a role in symptom management.
However, clinical trials on CBD for Parkinson's disease are still limited, and the results should be interpreted with caution. Ongoing studies aim to confirm the preliminary effects observed and establish appropriate treatment protocols.
Sleep-related disorders
Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and sleep apnoea, can significantly affect quality of life.
Some studies suggest that CBD may improve sleep quality. A 2019 study on the effect of CBD on sleep and anxiety found that it can help improve sleep quality and reduce insomnia problems. As CBD helps regulate the body's response to stress and inflammation, it is thought to help manage sleep cycles, promoting deeper, more restful sleep.
For more information on how to use CBD to relieve sleep disorders, check out our article ‘Relieve insomnia problems with melatonin CBD oil’
Eating disorders
Eating disorders can have serious impacts on physical and mental health. Studies have suggested that CBD may help regulate appetite levels in people with eating disorders.
As CBD has anxiolytic properties, it may be helpful at mealtimes for people with eating disorders to help lower stress and anxiety levels.
Skin problems
CBD could offer potential benefits for the treatment of acne and other skin problems due to its anti-inflammatory and sebum regulating properties.
A preliminary study in 2023 indicates that CBD can help relieve skin problems such as eczema, psoriasis and acne, and also has anti-ageing effects on the skin.
Through its action on the endocannabinoid system, CBD helps to regulate and balance the body's skin system and relieve disorders linked to dermatological diseases.
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain.
CBD's anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties could help relieve the main symptoms of the disease. A 2023 study suggests that CBD may be effective in reducing pain and improving sleep in fibromyalgia patients, but further studies are needed.
In conclusion
CBD has shown promise in alleviating a variety of diseases and disorders, ranging from anxiety and chronic pain to more complex conditions such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease.
However, it is important to note that research is still ongoing and many effects need to be confirmed by further studies. Consumers should be cautious and consult healthcare professionals before starting any new treatment, especially for serious or chronic conditions.
Learn more about the benefits of CBD and its dosage in our articles ‘All the proven benefits of CBD, explained simply’ and ‘What is the recommended daily dose of CBD for an adult’.